Much of the destruction caused by a nuclear explosion is due to blast effects. The range for blast effects. Much of the destruction caused by a nuclear explosion is due to blast effects. Although I have only dabbled in After Effects, it is still. Animate a person exploding from a lightning blast. Be the first to find out what Designrfix has to. Increased blast loading. The use of computational fluid dynamics. Estimating Flame Speeds for Use with BST Blast Curves. By. Jeffery Marx and Tim Melton. Printed in. Process Safety Progress. Vol. 5- 1. 0March, 2. Abstract. The Baker- Strehlow- Tang (BST) vapor cloud explosion model is one of the most common methods used to estimate overpressures for the purpose of locating buildings in relation to process units. This paper presents the Quest Model for Estimation of Flame Speeds (QMEFS), a systematic approach to estimating flame speed that does not rely on the BST categories. It provides for a continuous range of flame speeds that can then be used with the existing BST blast curves to calculate the characteristics of the vapor cloud explosion. Introduction. Any release of a flammable fluid in a petrochemical facility has the potential to generate a flammable vapor cloud that, if ignited, could produce a vapor cloud explosion (VCE). The time required to calculate the overpressures resulting from a single ignition point/cloud geometry/location geometry can be significant. Three parameters are used to determine the flame speed to be used: reactivity of the flammable gas, the degree of confinement of the flammable cloud, and the degree of obstruction due to obstacles within the flammable cloud. Parameters Affecting Flame Speed. Reactivity. Fuel reactivity is a measure of the propensity of the flame front in a given flammable mixture to accelerate and create overpressures or potentially undergo a deflagration- to- detonation transition (DDT). For example, the laminar flame speed of ethylene, depending on the cited reference, ranges between 0. If the obstacles included in the ABR are not repeated quasi- uniformly throughout the obstacle field but are only present in distinct planes, their effect would be more accurately portrayed by something similar to a confinement parameter. Confinement. The effect of confinement is included in the BST model by identifying the number of dimensions that are available to the products of combustion for expansion. To handle the case of a frangible or partially- confining plane, such as a very closely spaced pipe rack, the BST model added a 2. D classification which simply averaged the 2- D and 3- D flame speed results. Other Factors. Several researchers . New Model For Estimating Flame Speed. Portions of existing modeling methodologies and experimental data sets have been used in order to create a new model that provides the capability for more detailed descriptions of explosion scenarios. Results. As discussed in the paper outlining the most recent version of the BST model . Conclusions. The model described in this paper provides a method to better describe the characteristics of a vapor cloud explosion over a wide range of conditions. Silva, “Vapor Cloud Explosion Analysis,” 2. Loss Prevention Symposium, AICh. E, April, (1. 99. Baker, Q. A., C. M. Doolittle, G. A., Fitzgerald, and M. J. Tang, “Recent Developments in the Baker- Strehlow VCE Analysis Methodology,” Process Safety Progress, v. No. 4 (1. 99. 8). Mercx, W. P. M., editor, Modelling and Experimental Research into Gas Explosions, Overall final report of the project MERGE, CEC contract STEP- CT- 0. SSMA), European Commission, Directorate General XII, Brussels, Belgium (1. Mercx, W. P. M., A. C. Mouilleau, Modelling and experimental research into gas explosions, Contribution of TNO- PML to the MERGE project, TNO report, PML 1. C1. 37, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (1. Mercx, W. P. M., A. C. Van Dongen, Extended Modelling and experimental research into gas explosions, Contribution of TNO- PML to the MERGE project, TNO report, PML 1. C1. 6, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (1. Mercx, W. P. M., editor, Extended Modelling and Experimental Research into Gas Explosions, Final summary report of the project EMERGE, CEC contract EV5. VCT9. 30. 27. 4, European Commission, Directorate General XII, Brussels, Belgium (1. Mercx, W. P. M., A. C. Gamezo, “Origins of the deflagration- to- detonation transition in gas- phase combustion,” Combustion and Flame, 1. Pierorazio, A. J., J. K. Thomas, Q. A. Baker, and D. E. Ketchum, “An Update to the Baker- Strehlow- Tang Vapor Cloud Explosion Prediction Methodology Flame Speed Table,” Process Safety Progress, v. Tang, M. J. Mos, Research to improve guidance on separation distance for the multi- energy method (RIGOS), HSE Research Report 3. Vasil’ev, A. A., “Estimation of Critical Conditions for the Detonation- to- Deflagration Transition,” Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, v.
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